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Trained as a social anthropologist at Sussex University UK and University of Toronto (Ph.D. 1977). Carol has worked for thirty years as an applied research anthropologist in agricultural and livestock development, first in Africa and the past fifteen years in former Soviet Central Asia. She has concentrated on market development of valuable animal fibres, for details click here.
She has experience in the capacity of team leader and social scientist in all stages of development work from project proposal, feasibility study, research and project design, management, implementation, appraisal and evaluation. Carol has worked as a short-term consultant and on long-term assignments with governments, international donor agencies, NGOs, private consulting firms and research institutes.
Editor of "Nomadic Peoples Journal" 2004-2009, Co-editor of journal "Pastoralism: Research, Policy and Practice", 2009 onwards.
Her special fields of research and expertise are in marketing of livestock products from semi-arid regions, and in pastoral household economic dynamics. Since 2000 she has focused on development of cashmere marketing in Central Asia. In 2003 she published "Prospects for Pastoralists in Kazakstan and Turkmenistan: From State Farms to Private Flocks" (RoutledgeCurzon, London), the results of a three year multidisciplinary research project she headed, with 14 scientists from Europe, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and USA. Her publications have been cited more than 70 times in academic papers as well as in development works. See “Publications” for other work.
Roy Behnke
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Trained first in Islamic Civilization at the University of Chicago and in Social Anthropology at the University of California, Los Angeles. (Ph.D. 1975) He has worked on research and development of extensive livestock production and rangeland management for over 30 years.
Roy has served as a civil servant in three African governments, as the editor of a journal "Pastoral Development Network" http://www.odi.org.uk/pdn/index.html at the Overseas Development Institute, London, as a free-lance consultant to international donor agencies, and as a research scientist. In addition to short-term assignments, he has undertaken field research for extended periods in Libya, Iraq, Sudan, Somalia, Zambia, Namibia, Botswana, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan.
His major research contributions include analyses of pastoral market involvement and the shadow pricing of subsistence livestock production, transaction-cost theories of indigenous pastoral tenure systems, and the ecology of grazing systems in areas of low and erratic rainfall.
Co-editor of journal "Pastoralism: Research, Policy and Practice", 2009 onwards
In 1993 he was the lead author of the book "Range Ecology at Disequilibrium: New Models of Natural Variability and Pastoral Adaptation in African Savannas". Overseas Development Institute, London. This book has been cited more than 260 times in academic publications http://scholar.google.com/ as well as often quoted in development literature, and has become influential in the subjects of desertification, range management and pastoral development.
While maintaining an interest in semi-arid Africa, current research focuses on the decollectivisation and commercialisation of pastoral production in ex-Soviet Central Asia. From 2000-2004 he headed a 3 year European Commission INCO DEV project, carrying out interdisciplinary research on rangeland desertification in Kazakstan and Turkmenistan and was co-director of an EC-funded collaborative research project on the impact of fencing on Tibetan nomads, livestock and pastures in four provinces of western China from 2006-2009.